Profile of Babor Ahmad

...

Babor Ahmad

Lecturer

Department of Economics (ECN)

Faculty of Social Science and Humanities

Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur.

E-mail: baborecn@tch.hstu.ac.bd

Mobile: +8801705943381


CAREER OBJECTIVE

    To become a competent and inspiring teacher while also becoming a dedicated and productive researcher, contributing to knowledge through rigorous inquiry, continuous learning, and ethical practice. The goal is to balance quality teaching with impactful research that benefits students, institutions, and the broader academic community worldwide and future generations.

RESEARCH INTEREST

    Rural Economy, Agricultural Economics, Environmental Economics and Healthcare.

EDUCATION

  1. MSS (Thesis) in Economics, 2020

    Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200

  2. BSS (Hons) in Economics, 2018

    Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200


PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCES

  1. Lecturer
    Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200

    January 15, 2026 to Present

  2. Chairman, Department of Economics
    Dhaka International University (DIU), Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh

    September 24, 2024 to January 14, 2026

  3. Assistant Professor
    Dhaka International University (DIU), Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh

    September 05, 2024 to January 14, 2026

  4. Lecturer
    Dhaka International University (DIU), Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh

    August 16, 2022 to September 04, 2024

  5. Research Assistant
    ICIMOD

    January 05, 2021 to August 10, 2022


PUBLICATIONS

Journal Papers

  1. Bari, M. S., Ali, M. M., Ahmad, B., Rabbani, M. G., Mukul, S. A., McKenzie, A., & Alam, M. J. (2026). Impact of Village Common Forest management, with and without NGO support, on the livelihoods in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 9, 1855682. (Q1, Scopus and SCIE Indexed, IF: 4.1, Cite Score: 7.2)

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  2. Ahmad, B., Yeasmin, R., Selim, S., Banu, B., & Bapari, M. Y. (2026). Economic efficiency of litchi (Litchi chinensis) production in selected areas of Dinajpur District. Journal of Applied Horticulture, 28(2), 342-347. (Scopus Indexed, Q4)

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  3. Ahmad, B., Sarkar, M. A. R., Bhawmick, S., Bashir, M. A., Monir, M., Khoda, M. M.-A., Shil, S. K., & Ali, M. M. (2026). Community forest restoration and sustainability insights from a global bibliometric analysis. Discover Forests, 2, Article 42.

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  4. Selim, S., Siddiquee, M. S. H., Hasan, M. R., & Ahmad, B. (2026). Farmers’ perception and role of mobile phone for maize production in Bangladesh. Urban Agriculture & Regional Food Systems, 11, e70050. (Q2, Scopus and ESCI Indexed, Cite Score: 2.8)

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  5. Hossain, Md. A., Monir, M., Selim, S., Azad, F., Rana, Md. M., Ahmad, B., & Hasan, Md. R. (2026). Community Perceptions and Economic Drivers of Hilsa Fishery Conservation in Riverbank Villages of Bangladesh. Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries, 6(2), e70222. (Q2, Scopus and ESCI Indexed; Impact Factor: 1.9)

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  6. Ahmad, B., Siddiquee, M. S. H., Selim, S., Islam, M. H., Rabbani, M. G., Khanom, S., Monir., M. & Rahman, M. N. (2026). From Farm to Table: Multifactorial Determinants of Dietary Diversity and Food Security Within Sustainable Rice‐Producing Systems in Bangladesh. eFood, 7(2), e70134. (Q1, IF: 5.7, Scopus & ESCI Indexed)

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  7. Uddin, M. M., Khan, M. S., Ara, J., Islam, M., Islam, M. T., & Ahmad, B. (2026). Environmental Accounting and Reporting Practices for Sustainable Wellbeing: Evidence from the Textile Industry of Bangladesh. International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Scope, 07(01), 1314–1326. (Q4, Scopus Indexed, Cite Score: 0.5)

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  8. Ahmad, B., Selim, S., Hasan, Md. R., & Uddin, M. M. (2026). Evolution of migration and sustainable development studies in Southeast Asia: a bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2024. Southeast Asia: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 1–19. (Q2, Scopus Indexed; Cite Score: 2.3)

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  9. Selim, S., Zahid, A., Ahmad, B., Hasan, M. R., & Hossain, M. A. (2025). Factors Influencing Women's Participation in Nonfarm Economic Activities: Insights From the Fishing Community of Chandpur, Bangla-desh. Diversity & Inclusion Research, 2(3), e70034.

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  10. Hasan, M.R., Rabbani, M.G., Ahmad, B., Selim, S., Hossain, M. A., Jonah, E. (2025). Migration and Influ-encing Factors on Auto Rice Mill Workers' Intentions to Stay in Villages: Insights from Rural Dynamics of Bangladesh. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, 23(1), 71-84. (Web of Science Indexed).

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  11. Sifullah, M. K., Sohel, M. S., Jamil, S., Ahmad, B., Hossain, M. A., Obaidullah, M., & Ali, N. (2025). WASH service accessibility and satisfaction among street informal workers in Dhaka City: a cross-sectional study. Discover Social Science and Health, 5(1), 45. (Q2, IF; 1.3, Scopus and ESCI indexed)

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  12. Ahmad, B., Hossain, A., Selim, S., Hossain, M. S., Uddin, M. M., Khanom, S. & Yeasmin, R. (2025). Agricultural finance dynamics in Bangladesh: exploring factors influencing rice yield and farmers access to credit. International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Management and Informatics, 1(1). (Q2, IF; 1.8, Scopus Indexed and ABS 2*)

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  13. Ali, M. M., Bari, M. S., Hanif, M. A., Rahman, M. S., & Ahmad, B. (2024). Charland resilience: Agroforestry innovations as nature-based solutions for climate-vulnerable communities in Bangladesh. Nature-Based Solutions, 6, 100165.

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  14. Khanom, F., Khanom, S., Selim, S., Rabbani, M.G., Uddin, M.M. & Ahmad, B. (2024). Assessment Of In-come Diversification and Family Welfare: An Empirical Study of Small-Scale Rice Farmers in Dinajpur District, Bangladesh. The Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics, 44(1&2), 1-13.

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  15. Rahman, M. N., Saleheen, M. M., Ahmad, B., El Fadili, H., Sharifuzzaman, S. A., Sohel, M. S., et al. & Azim, S. A. (2024). Transforming landscapes: Decod-ing the impact of universities on urbanization using ad-vanced modeling and perception analysis. Plos one, 19(10), e0302362. (Q1, IF: 2.6, Scopus, SCIE indexed)

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  16. Ali, M. M., Ahmad, B., Bari, M. S., Pal, A. C., Rah-man, M. L., & Sarmin, I. J. (2024). An assessment of agroforestry as a climate‐smart practice: Evidences from farmers of northwestern region of Bangladesh. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment, 7(2), e20501 (Q2, IF: 1.5, Scopus and ESCI Indexed).

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  17. Sifullah, M. K., Sohel, M. S., Jamil, S., Hasan, M. M., Anika, J., Swadhin, H. R., Chaudhary, N., Rahman, M.N., Shaiara, M., Islam, M.T., Ahmad, B., Shomapto, M.I., Sarker, M.F.H. & Sohag, S. M. (2024). Assessment of water, hygiene, and sanitation practice and associated factors among Bihari refugee camp in Bangladesh: A cross‐ sectional study. Health Science Reports, 7(2), e1910 (Q2, IF: 2.1, Scopus and ESCI Indexed).

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  18. Ahmad, B., Rabbani, M. G., Siddiquee, M. S. H., Ud-din, M.M., Khanom, S., Talukdar, S., & Habiba, U. (2024). Fishermen's willingness to accept compensation for conservation of Hilsha (Tenualosa ilisha) fish: Evi-dences from Bangladesh. Urban Agriculture & Re-gional Food Systems, 9(1), e20067. (Q1, Scopus and ESCI indexed, Cite Score: 2.6).

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  19. Begum, H., Rahman, M. M., Haque, M. S., & Ahmad, B. (2024). CSR exposures of Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industries Corporation enlisted firms during COVID-19. (Accepted by International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, Publisher: Inderscience; Q2, Scopus indexed and ABS 2*)

  20. Ahmad, B., Sarkar, M. A. R., Khanom, F., Lucky, R. Y., Sarker, M. R., Rabbani, M. G., ... & Sarker, M. N. I. (2024). Experience of farmers using mobile phone for farming information flow in Boro rice production: A case of Eastern Gangetic Plain. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 9, 100811. (Q1, Scopus Indexed, Cite Score: 4.3)

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  21. Rahman, M. N., Azim, S. A., Jannat, F. A., Rony, M. R. H., Ahmad, B., & Sarkar, M. A. R. (2023). Quantification of rainfall, temperature, and reference evapotranspiration trend and their interrelationship in sub-climatic zones of Bangladesh. Heliyon, 9(9). (Q1, IF: 3.6, Scopus & SCIE Indexed) 

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  22. Lucky, R. Y., Hosen, M., Azad, F., Devnath, S. K., Hossain, M. S., & Ahmad, B. (2023). Effect of Mobile Banking on the Saving Behavior of Low-Income Household: A Case Study in Bangladesh . J Bangladesh Agril Univ, 21(2), 168-179. (WOS Indexed)

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  23. Ahmad, B., Rabbani, M. G., Shilpa, N. A., Haque, M. S., & Rahman, M. N. (2022). Diversification of Livelihoods and Its Impact on the Welfare of Tribal Households in Dinajpur District of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics, 43(1), 85-98.

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  24. Sultana, Z., Begum, H. &  Ahmad, B. (2022). Effect of GDP Growth, Inflation and Interest Rate on National Savings Rate of Bangladesh: An Assessment from 2000 to 2020.  The cost and Management, 50(1), 41-48.

  25. Rabbani, G., & Ahmad, B. (2021). Production and profitability of small scale broiler farming in selected areas of Dinajpur district, Bangladesh. International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology, 11(1), 69-73.

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  26. Hoque, A. R., Angona, A. N. H., & Ahmad, B. (2021). An assessment of flood shocking tears down: A case study in Bogura district. Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries, 8(1), 65-73.

  27. Banu, B., Hossain, M. M., Haque, M. S., & Ahmad, B. (2021). Effect of microfinance adoption on rural household income in selected Upazila of Kushtia District of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 3(1), 24-32. (Q3; Scopus Indexed, Cite Score: 1.2)

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  28. Rabbani, G. M., & Ahmad, B. (2021). An analysis of economic efficiency of garlic production in selected upazil a of Dinapur District in Bangladesh. BAUET Journal, 3(1), 144-153.

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Conference Papers

  1. Habib, M. S., (Lucky), R. Y., & Ahmad, B. (2026). Economic impact and Household Welfare of Urban Rooftop Gardening: Evidences from Rangpur City of Bangladesh: Introduction, Literature, Methods, Result, Discussion and Conclusion. 8th International Anatolian Agriculture, Food, Environment and Biology Congress, Sinop/Türkiye.  

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  2. Islam, M. J., Maria, S., Hasan, M. M., & Ahmad, B. (2026). Economic Viability and Constraints of Broiler Farming in Bangladesh: Introduction, Literature, Methods, Result, Discussion and Conclusion. 8th International Anatolian Agriculture, Food, Environment and Biology Congress, Sinop/Türkiye

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  3. Roni, M. S. H., Hossain, M. A., & Ahmad, B. (2026). Remittance Inflows and Sustainable Economic Growth in Bangladesh: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach : Introduction, Literature, Methods, Result, Discussion and Conclusion. 8th International Anatolian Agriculture, Food, Environment and Biology Congress, Sinop/Türkiye.  

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  4. Himel, F. A., Bhawmick, S., Hasan, M. R., & Ahmad, B. (2026). Infrastructure As a Catalyst for Economic Growth: A Quantitative Analysis of Padma Bridge of Bangladesh: Introduction, Literature, Methods, Result, Discussion and Conclusion. 8th International Anatolian Agriculture, Food, Environment and Biology Congress, Sinop/Türkiye

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  5. Akhi, S. A., Lucky, R. Y., & Ahmad, B. (2026). Survival Analysis of Marital Status and Labor Force Participation on Mortality Risk in Bangladesh: A Cox Proportional Hazards Model Approach. 8th International Anatolian Agriculture, Food, Environment and Biology Congress, Sinop/Türkiye.

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  6. Jahan, F., Hasan, M.M., Hossain M.A & Ahmad, B. (2026). Digitalization and Street Food Business in Dhaka City. In: 8th International Conference on Sustainable Development-ICSD 2026. Dhaka, Bangladesh: United International University (UIU); p. 97.

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  7. Selim, S., Ahmad, B, Hossain, M.A. & Hasan, M.R. (2026). Urban Vulnerability and Climate Migration: Evidence from Rangpur City of Bangladesh. In: 8th International Conference on Sustainable Development-ICSD 2026. Dhaka, Bangladesh: United International University (UIU); p. 246–7.

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  8. Khan, H.R., Ahmad, B. & Hossain M.A. (2026). Mobile Technology as Catalysts for Small Holder Agricultural Productivity: A Case Study of Tomato Growers in Bangladesh. In: 8th International Conference on Sustainable Development-ICSD 2026. Dhaka, Bangladesh: United International University (UIU); p. 123.

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  9. Ahmad, B., Monir, M., Selim, S., Khanom, S., Hossain, M. A., & Hasan, M. R. ( 22–24 October 2025). Societal Attitudes, Compensation, and Economics of Hilsha (Tenualosa Ilisha) Conservation in Bangladesh. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Online Conference on Agriculture, MDPI: Basel, Switzerland

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  10. Uddin, M. M. & Ahmad, B. (2024). Environmental Risk Reporting Disclosure Practice for Sustainable Welbeing: Evidences from the Textile Industry of Bangladesh. International Conference on Sustainable Development in South Asia: Where do we stand? Proceedings of the DIU-SANPA-IOM International Conference, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Page: 171-171.

  11. Yeasmin, R., Monir, M., Hossain, M., & Ahmad, B. (2024). An Economic Study On Shifting Boro Rice to Maize Production in Northern Region of Bangladesh. 7th International Anatolian Agriculture, Food, Environment and Biology Congress, Kastamonu/Türkiye, 528–528.

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  12. Hasan, M.R., Rabbani, M.G., Uddin, M.M. & Ahmad, B. (2024). Socio-Economic Impact of Rice Mill Industry in the Selected Areas of Dinajpur District. 7th International Anatolian Agriculture, Food, Envi-ronment and Biology Congress, Kastamonu/Türkiye, 134–145.

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  13. Mulla, B., Yeasmin, R. & Ahmad, B. (2024). Socio-Economic Impact and Profitability of Litchi Cultiva-tion in Bangladesh: Challenges, Opportunities, and Policy Recommendations. 7th International Anatolian Agriculture, Food, Environment and Biology Congress, Kastamonu/Türkiye, 147–147.

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  14.  Selim, S. & Ahmad, B. (2024). Determinants of Food Security and Dietary Diversity Among Small Scale Rice Farmers in Dinajpur District of Bangladesh. 7th International Anatolian Agriculture, Food, Environ-ment and Biology Congress, Kastamonu/Türkiye, 146–146.

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  15. Yeasmin, R., Khanom, S., Hossain, M. S., & Ahmad, B. (2023). Evaluating the Effect of Agricultural Credit Facility on the Volume of Rice Production in Selected Areas of Dinajpur District, Bangladesh. III. International Congress of the Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, Malatya, Türkiye, 175–175.

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  16. Ahmad, B., Khanom, F., Rabbani, M. G., Khanom, S., Hossain, M. S., Selim, S., & Sen, N. (2023). Do In-come and Crop Diversity A ect the Improvement of Food Security Status for the Small Scale Rice Producers in Di-najpur District of Bangladesh? In 3rd BSSCR Confer-ence on Belief, Believe and Behaviour: Shared Cul-tural Heritage of South Asia (2nd ed., Vol. 3, Ser. 1, pp. 66–67). Dinajpur; Centre for Heritage Studies (CenHerSt)

  17. Ahmad, B., Rabbani, M.G., Bhandari, H. & Sarkar, M.A.R. (2022). “Effect of Income Diversification on the Welfare of Households in the Selected Charlands of Bangladesh” Presented At International Conference on Business and Economic Challenges, organised by Faculty of Business Studies, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur.

  18. Ahmad, B. & Haque, A.T.M.R. (2019). “Socioeconomic Impact of Campus Violence and Political In-stability on Education: A case study of HSTU”- Presented At National Conference on Bangladesh Development Perspective: Issues in Economic Justice and Morality, organised by Department of Economics, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet

Book Chapter

  1. Fawwad, J., Hasan, M. R., Ahmad, B., & Himel, F. A. (2026). Artificial intelligence for biodiversity conservation and wildlife protection. In AI and Computational Intelligence for Environmental Sustainability (pp. 109-127). Elsevier. (Scopus Indexed)

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  2. Rakibul Hasan, M., Anowar Hossain Raju, M., Selim, S., Sumi, T.S., Ahmad, B. (2026). The Role of Emerging Technologies in Shaping Inclusive and Green Digital Economies. In: Quasim, M.T., Awotunde, J.B., Pani, S.K., Khan, M.A., Khan, M.Z. (eds) Transforming Social Economic Sustainability with Artificial Intelligence. Contributions to Environmental Sciences & Innovative Business Technology. Springer, Singapore.  

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  3. Ahmad, B., Hasan, M.R., Selim, S. (2026). Capacity Building and Education for Climate-Smart Agriculture. In: Fiaz, S., Nadeem, M.A., Baloch, F.S., Chung, Y.S. (eds) Artificial Intelligence and Data Sciences for Precision Agriculture. Springer, Cham.(Scopus Indexed).

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  4. Sen, N., Md. Rofiqul Islam., Selim, S., Md. Rakibul Hasan., Md. Anowar Hossain., Ahmad, B. (2025). Climate Change, Security, and Migration in Central Asia: Vulnerabilities and Strategic Responses. In: Ullah, A.A. (eds) Handbook of Migration, International Relations and Security in Asia. Handbooks in Asian Studies. Springer, Singapore. (Scopus Indexed)

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  5. Hossain, M.A., Selim, S., Hasan, M.R., Tusher, A.H., Ahmad, B., Monir, M. (2025). Remittances and Regional Cooperation: Economic Impacts and National Interests in Central Asia. In: Ullah, A.A. (eds) Handbook of Migration, International Relations and Security in Asia. Handbooks in Asian Studies. Springer, Singapore. (Scopus Indexed)

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  6. Selim, S., Ahmad, B., Uddin, M.M. (2024). Guardians of the Depths: Managing Groundwater Contamination in Developing Countries. In: Izah, S.C., Ogwu, M.C., Loukas, A., Hamidifar, H. (eds) Water Crises and Sustainable Management in the Global South. Springer, Singapore. (Scopus Indexed)

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Awards and SCHOLARSHIPS

  1. Thesis Research Scholarship from International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Bangladesh

    Funded by: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)

  2. University Grant Commission (UGC) Scholarship for highest CGPA at bachelor result in the faculty.

    Funded by: University Grant Commission (UGC)


PROJECTS

  1. Restoration of Forest through Village Common Forest (VCF) Management with and without NGO Interven-tion: Evidence from Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs) of Bangladesh

    Funded by: ICIMOD

    Position: Research Assistant

    Description: The study examined the impact of NGO-supported forest restoration programs on the livelihoods of Village Common Forest (VCF)-dependent communities in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. Using the Sustainable Livelihood Approach and Propensity Score Matching (PSM), the research compared 15 NGO-supported and 15 non-supported VCFs. The findings showed that NGO participation improved household income, reduced expenditures, and enhanced educational outcomes. The study highlighted the importance of community-based forest management and collaboration among NGOs, local communities, and government agencies for sustainable forest conservation and improved rural livelihoods.

  2. Fishermen's willingness to accept compensation for conservation of Hilsha (Tenualosa ilisha) fish: Evidences from Bangladesh

    Funded by: Ministry of Science and Technology, Bangladesh (2020)

    Position: Research Assistant

    Description: Hilsha fish (Tenualosa ilisha) is one of Bangladesh's biggest economic and nutritious fish. Governments and planners are contemplating rewarding fishermen who conserve this precious resource. The government is economically helping fishermen to limit fishing Hilsha for 2 months in order to promote it from immature (Jatka) to mature Hilsha. No study has predicted the amount of economic incentive for fishermen in Bangladesh. This study estimates fishermen's willingness to accept (WTA) conserving Hilsha fishes and the associated problems that they encounter during the banning period. To achieve these goals, 255 fishermen from Chandpur were randomly sampled for collecting cross-section data. This study uses a dichotomous contingent valuation using a logit model for WTA decision factors and problem facing index (PFI) to assess fishermen's hardships during the banning period. Findings reveal that WTA decisions are influenced by bidding amount, household distance from the nearest market, fishermen's educational status, previous awareness of Hilsha conservation, credit access, household size, training received, and fishing experience. The PFI shows that respondents' main issues during the fish-catching prohibition are the lack of nutritional food, alternative jobs, clothing, credit, and livelihood capital. The mean per month WTA is found to be BDT 13,372, which should be implemented to minimize trade-offs during banning and sustain Hilsha resources with support to and from fishermen. Policies such as technical training for alternative earning occupations, increased credit with low prerequisites, effective family planning, and Hilsha conservation awareness might help improve the livelihoods of the fishing community and sustain this valuable resource.

  3. Livelihood Diversification and Household Welfare of Tribal People Living in Dinajpur District

    Funded by: University Grant Commission (UGC), Bangladesh Through IRT, HSTU in 2020

    Position: Research Assistant

    Description: This study focuses on the production and profitability of the broiler farming by using Cobb- Douglas production function and Benefit-Cost analysis. For this purpose, data were collected from 50 broiler farmers living in Birol and Sadar upazila of Dinajpur district in 2020. The result revealed that involvement in broiler production seems to be profitable for the small-scale broiler farmers for the study areas notifying by net return as Tk. 6681 with a benefit-cost ratio greater than one, whereas the gross return was Tk.193367. The net return over the total cost is 0.075. The production function resulted that feed, medicines and human labor had significant positive effect on production of broiler whereas only rental cost had negative effect. Training had a highly significant (p<0.01) positive effect on production of broiler. Therefore, it can be recommended that training and proper use of drugs and medicine should be encouraged because of their significant impact. Government and NGOs should also arrange more training for improving broiler production in Bangladesh.

  4. Economic Efficiency and Sustainability of Garlic Pro-duction in Selected Areas of Dinajpur District

    Funded by: University Grant Commission (UGC), Bangladesh Through IRT, HSTU in 2019

    Position: Research Assistant

    Description: This study focuses on technical, allocative and economic efficiency in soybean production among small-holders in Khansama region of Dinajpur district that was estimated using the stochastic frontier production function analysis. Due to rapid break out of COVID19 as pandemic, the data were collected by mobile phone interview through random process. The main objective of the study was to explore efficiency level of the farmers and find ways likely to increase productivity of garlic among farmers in the region through a better use of the factors employed in production. The study was used primary data collected from a sample of 30 garlic producers and the data were analyzed with STATA 12.0 version. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze socioeconomic characteristics while the stochastic frontier production function was used to estimate the level of technical, allocative and economic efficiencies among sample farmers. The results further revealed the existence of inefficiencies in garlic production among farmers in the study area. The mean technical efficiency of garlic producer farmers was found to be 44.7% while the average efficiency of allocative and economic were 31.7% and 36.9%, respectively. The result emphasize the need for building rural infrastructure, adult education and training of farmers and demonstration of new technologies, institutional support of credit services and increasing frequency of extension and improving livestock health and nutritional improvements in the study area in order to improve their efficiencies, productivity as well as profitability.


SOCIAL NETWORK

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